Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

What is Intrauterine insemination? 

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a common treatment that helps sperm get close to an egg at the right time. During IUI, healthy sperm are placed directly into the uterus around the time, called ovulation, when an egg is released from the ovary. You’ll work with your care team to find the best timing for IUI, which helps improve the chance of pregnancy. 

Who can IUI help?

IUI may be a good option when: 

  • Cervical mucus makes it hard for sperm to reach the egg 

  • Sperm quality is slightly below normal but still usable 

  • Infertility is unexplained — medication may be used during the test to help more than one egg mature 

What to expect with IUI 

An IUI cycle usually includes a few steps:

  • Cycle monitoring: Early in the cycle, an ultrasound checks that the ovaries are ready.
  • Ovulation tracking: Ultrasounds or ovulation tests help find the best time for insemination. Some people may receive a trigger shot to help time ovulation.
  • Insemination day: A sperm sample is prepared in the lab to select the healthiest sperm. The sperm are then placed into the uterus using a thin, soft tube.

The IUI procedure takes less than 10 minutes, and most people feel little to no discomfort.

Risks & side effects

Your care team will explain the risks of IUI and monitor you for any side effects.

  • IUI is considered very safe.
  • Mild cramping may happen but usually goes away quickly.
  • Infection is very rare.

When fertility medications are used, there is a small risk of:

  • Ovarian overstimulation 
  • Multiple pregnancy 

Success rates 

Success depends on many personal factors, including your age and diagnosis. On average, IUI results in pregnancy in about 10 to 15 percent of cycles. For comparison, couples without fertility issues have about a 20 percent chance per month. Many patients choose IUI as a first step because it is not invasive and is well tolerated.